Maths / Neural Networks and Deep Learning

What Is a Neural Network? How Neural Networks Work, Explained Step by Step

1 November 2026

What Is a Neural Network? How Neural Networks Work, Explained Step by Step

Neural networks recognize faces in photos, translate text, recommend videos and power chatbots such as ChatGPT and Claude. Under the hood, every one of them runs the same simple idea:…

Linear Regression in Machine Learning: How It Works, With Python Examples

25 October 2026

Linear Regression in Machine Learning: How It Works, With Python Examples

Linear regression is a machine learning model that predicts a numeric value as a weighted sum of input features plus a constant: ŷ = w₁x₁ + w₂x₂ + … +…

Backpropagation Explained: Algorithm, Example and Python Code

24 October 2026

Backpropagation Explained: Algorithm, Example and Python Code

Backpropagation (backward propagation of errors) is the algorithm that computes how much each weight in a neural network contributed to the error, so that gradient descent can adjust it. It…

Gradient Descent Explained: Algorithm, Types and Python Code

23 October 2026

Gradient Descent Explained: Algorithm, Types and Python Code

Gradient descent is the algorithm that trains almost every machine learning model: it repeatedly nudges the model’s parameters in the direction that lowers the loss, using the update rule θ…

Bayes’ Theorem Explained: Formula, Examples and Python Code

23 October 2026

Bayes’ Theorem Explained: Formula, Examples and Python Code

Bayes’ theorem tells you how to update a probability when new evidence arrives: the probability of a hypothesis given the evidence equals the probability of the evidence given the hypothesis,…

GLM-5: Top-1 Open-Weight Model for Code and Text Generation, Competing with Claude and GPT on Agentic Tasks

19 February 2026

19 February 2026

GLM-5: Top-1 Open-Weight Model for Code and Text Generation, Competing with Claude and GPT on Agentic Tasks

19 February 2026

Zhipu AI and Tsinghua University have published a GLM-5 technical report — currently the top-performing open-weight language model by benchmarks: first place among open-weight models on Artificial Analysis and top-1…

Multiplex Thinking: Sampling 3 Tokens Instead of 1 Increases Olympiad Problem-Solving Accuracy from 40% to 55%

22 January 2026

Multiplex Thinking: Sampling 3 Tokens Instead of 1 Increases Olympiad Problem-Solving Accuracy from 40% to 55%

Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and Microsoft Research introduced Multiplex Thinking — a new reasoning method for large language models. The idea is to generate not one token at…

DTM: New Hardware Architecture Reduces Energy Consumption by 10,000x Compared to GPUs

1 November 2025

DTM: New Hardware Architecture Reduces Energy Consumption by 10,000x Compared to GPUs

Researchers from Extropic Corporation presented an efficient hardware architecture for probabilistic computing based on Denoising Thermodynamic Models (DTM). Analysis shows that devices based on this architecture could achieve performance parity…

Gemini 2.5 Pro Achieved Gold Medal Performance at IMO 2025, Solving 5 of 6 Problems

25 July 2025

Gemini 2.5 Pro Achieved Gold Medal Performance at IMO 2025, Solving 5 of 6 Problems

Large language models perform well on mathematical benchmarks like AIME, however International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) problems require deep understanding, creativity, and formal reasoning. Chinese researchers used Google Gemini 2.5 Pro…

DeepMath-103K: Advancing AI Reasoning Through Challenge

21 April 2025

DeepMath-103K: Advancing AI Reasoning Through Challenge

Mathematical reasoning stands as a crucial benchmark for artificial intelligence systems, requiring logical deduction, symbolic manipulation, and multi-step problem-solving. Recent breakthroughs in AI reasoning have been significantly driven by reinforcement…

Llama Nemotron: NVIDIA Launches Family of Open Reasoning AI Models Overtaking DeepSeek R1

19 March 2025

Llama Nemotron: NVIDIA Launches Family of Open Reasoning AI Models Overtaking DeepSeek R1

NVIDIA has announced the open Llama Nemotron family of models with reasoning capabilities, designed to provide a business-ready foundation for creating advanced AI agents. These models can work independently or…

Chain-of-Experts: Novel Approach Improving MoE Efficiency with up to 42% Memory Reduction

11 March 2025

Chain-of-Experts: Novel Approach Improving MoE Efficiency with up to 42% Memory Reduction

Chain-of-Experts (CoE) – a novel approach fundamentally changing how sparse language models process information, delivering better performance with significantly less memory. This breakthrough addresses key limitations in current Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)…

R1-Onevision: Open Source 7B-Parameter Model Outperforming GPT-4o in Maths and Reasoning Tasks

27 February 2025

R1-Onevision: Open Source 7B-Parameter Model Outperforming GPT-4o in Maths and Reasoning Tasks

Researchers from Zhejiang University have released R1-Onevision, a 7B parameters multimodal reasoning model that processes and analyzes visual inputs with unprecedented logical precision, capable of understanding complex mathematical, scientific, and…

DeepMind Trains AlphaGeometry Model to Solve Olympiad Geometry Problems

21 January 2024

DeepMind Trains AlphaGeometry Model to Solve Olympiad Geometry Problems

DeepMind has unveiled AlphaGeometry – a model capable of solving geometric problems at the level of International Mathematical Olympiad winners. AlphaGeometry solved 25 out of 30 Olympiad problems, while on…