Activation Functions in Neural Networks: ReLU, Sigmoid, GELU and More

23 October 2026
Abstract illustration of glowing activation function curves on a dark background

Activation Functions in Neural Networks: ReLU, Sigmoid, GELU and More

An activation function is the small nonlinear function a neuron applies to its weighted input before passing the result on: a = f(w · x + b). Without it, a…

Gradient Descent Explained: Algorithm, Types and Python Code

8 October 2026
Abstract illustration of a glowing optimization path descending through contour lines to a minimum

Gradient Descent Explained: Algorithm, Types and Python Code

Gradient descent is the algorithm that trains almost every machine learning model: it repeatedly nudges the model’s parameters in the direction that lowers the loss, using the update rule θ…

Bayes’ Theorem Explained: Formula, Examples and Python Code

23 September 2026
Abstract illustration of a wide prior distribution and a narrow posterior distribution

Bayes’ Theorem Explained: Formula, Examples and Python Code

Bayes’ theorem tells you how to update a probability when new evidence arrives: the probability of a hypothesis given the evidence equals the probability of the evidence given the hypothesis,…